HTML5 Migration
Migration from HTML4 to HTML5
This chapter is entirely about how to migrate from a typical
HTML4 page to a typical HTML5 page.
This chapter demonstrates how to convert an existing HTML4 page into an HTML5
page, without destroying anything of the original content or structure.
 |
You can migrate to HTML5 from HTML4, and XHTML, using the same recipe. |
| Typical HTML4 |
Typical HTML5 |
| <div id="header"> |
<header> |
| <div id="menu"> |
<nav> |
| <div id="content"> |
<section> |
| <div id="post"> |
<article> |
| <div id="footer"> |
<footer> |
A Typical HTML4 Page
Example
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta
http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<title>HTML4</title>
<style>
body
{font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:0.8em;}
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post
{border:1px solid
grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;}
div#header,div#footer {color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;}
div#content {background-color:#ddd;}
div#menu ul
{margin:0;padding:0;}
div#menu ul li {display:inline; margin:5px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<h1>Monday
Times</h1>
</div>
<div id="menu">
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content">
<h2>News Section</h2>
<div id="post">
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum
ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum
ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum
turum.</p>
</div>
<div id="post">
<h2>News
Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum
lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<p>&copy; 2014 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Change to HTML5 Doctype
Change the doctype, from the HTML4 doctype:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
to the HTML5 doctype:
Change to HTML5 Encoding
Change the encoding information, from HTML4:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
to HTML5:
Add The Shiv
HTML5 semantic elements are supported in all modern browsers.
In addition, you can "teach"
older browsers how to handle "unknown elements".
Add the shiv for Internet Explorer support:
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
Try it Yourself »
Add CSS for HTML5 Semantic Elements
Look at your existing CSS styles:
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post {
border:1px solid
grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;
}
div#header,div#footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
div#content {
background-color:#ddd;
}
div#menu ul
{
margin:0;padding:0;
}
div#menu ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
Duplicate with equal CSS styles for HTML5 semantic elements:
header,footer,section,article {
border:1px solid
grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;
}
header,footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
section {
background-color:#ddd;
}
nav ul
{
margin:0;padding:0;
}
nav ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
Try it Yourself »
Change to HTML5 <header> and <footer>
Change the <div> elements with id="header" and
id="footer":
<div
id="header">
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</div>
.
.
.
<div
id="footer">
<p>&copy; 2014 W3Schools. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
to HTML5 semantic <header> and <footer> elements:
<header>
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</header>
.
.
.
<footer>
<p>© 2014 W3Schools. All rights
reserved.</p>
</footer>
Change to HTML5 <nav>
Change the <div> element with id="menu":
<div id="menu">
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</a></li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</div>
to an HTML5 semantic <nav> element:
<nav>
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</a></li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</nav>
Change to HTML5 <section>
Change the <div> element with id="content":
<div id="content">
.
.
.
</div>
to an HTML5 semantic <section> element:
Change to HTML5 <article>
Change all <div> element with class="post":
<div class="post">
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum
turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</div>
to HTML5 semantic <article> elements:
<article>
<h2>News Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum
lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</article>
Remove these "no longer needed" <style> elements:
div#header,div#footer,div#content,div#post {
border:1px solid
grey;margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;background-color:white;
}
div#header,div#footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
div#content {
background-color:#ddd;
}
div#menu ul
{
margin:0;padding:0;
}
div#menu ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
Try it Yourself »
A Typical HTML5 Page
Finally you can remove the <head> tags. They are not needed in HTML5:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<title>HTML5</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js">
</script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
body {
font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;font-size:0.8em;
}
header,footer,section,article {
border:1px solid grey;
margin:5px;margin-bottom:15px;padding:8px;
background-color:white;
}
header,footer {
color:white;background-color:#444;margin-bottom:5px;
}
section {
background-color:#ddd;
}
nav ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
nav ul li {
display:inline; margin:5px;
}
</style>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Monday Times</h1>
</header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li>News</li>
<li>Sports</li>
<li>Weather</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section>
<h2>News Section</h2>
<article>
<h2>News
Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum
hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum
ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum
ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>News
Article</h2>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum
hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum
ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
<p>Ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum ipsum lurum hurum turum
ipsum
lurum hurum turum.</p>
</article>
</section>
<footer>
<p>&copy; 2014 Monday Times. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
The Difference Between <article> <section> and <div>
There is a confusing (lack of) difference in the HTML5
standard, between <article> <section> and <div>.
In the HTML5 standard, the <section> element is defined as a block of related
elements.
The <article>
element is defined as a complete, self-contained block of related elements.
The <div> element is defined as a block of children elements.
How to interpret that?
In the example above, we
have used <section> as a container for related <articles>.
But, we could have used <article> as a container for articles as well.
Here are some different examples:
<article> in <article>:
<article>
<h2>Famous
Cities</h2>
<article>
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital
city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with
a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous
city of France.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</article>
</article>
<div> in <article>:
<article>
<h2>Famous
Cities</h2>
<div class="city">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital
city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with
a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous
city of France.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</article>
<div> in <section> in <article>:
<article>
<section>
<h2>Famous Cities</h2>
<div
class="city">
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most
populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13
million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of
France.</p>
</div>
<div class="city">
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Famous Countries</h2>
<div
class="country">
<h2>England</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of
England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a
metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</div>
<div
class="country">
<h2>France</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most
populous city of France.</p>
</div>
<div class="country">
<h2>Japan</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the
Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the
world.</p>
</div>
</section>
</article>
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